How to calculate pool room ventilation characteristics?

Paulius

Hello,
I need to calculate a hotel pool room's air supply requirements. This is for my University work, at this time i do not have the possibility to consult anyone from there so i am asking for assistance here.

I do not require anything too sophisticated, this pool room is not very significant for me.

I tried looking for calculation methods in ASHRAE, but there calculations seem to be very precise, i don't need that. I need something simple and quick that would roughly estimate the amount of supply air required. I imagine most engineers out there have simple methods that work for them.
In response to the first reply,
I know the basics of these calculations, this is what i've been studying for the past 3,5 years, but pool room calculation is new to me.
I need to maintain negative pressure ofcourse, letting moist air escape to other parts of the building would be bad.

Answer
Edit - - Oops, I just noticed that you might be referring to a swimming pool room and not to billiards (pool) tables. Well, just hold on to the below just in case.
For a swimming pool room you can design for an exhaust sized to induce a 100- 200 ft/min velocity through the door leading into the rest of the building. ASHRAE shows outside purge ventilation of 1/2 cfm per person for swimming areas. As noted below any exhaust may need to be made up with an outdoor supply in some manner, some place. It will be by infiltration somewhere if not accommodated for by design. I do not believe pool rooms are cooled, but they may require heating, depending on the construction. With heated pools the room humidity can be high, but that improves the comfort level in the Winter. There can be condensation problems. ( I personally believe that heated pools are usually too warm.) Current ASHRAE applications guides may include criteria for pool areas. The older ones ( 1969 which I have) do not. I do know that there have been articles published in ASHRAE literature on the topic.
Now for the billiards-
The 1989 ASHRAE ventilation rates have shown for gaming rooms - 25 cfm of outside purge ventilation air per occupant. This would take random smoking into account. If no smoking, the newer codes may allow 10- 15 cfm. For heavy smoking it was 60 cfm.
A design rule of thumb could be one ton of rated refrigeration capacity per 350 sq, ft of floor area. Based on the usual ~ 20 F temperature change in the supply air compared to the room temperature there would be about 1 cfm per sq ft. Because of the nature of the occupancy I would recommend a higher rate of 1 1/2 - 2 cfm.
The fresh ventilation air might be drawn in from large adjacent areas within a building by the employment of an exhaust fan. Or the purge air will need to be brought in really from the outside and tempered to match the room conditions. This will require more cooling capability in the Summer and more heating capacity in the Winter. Unless the main air handling equipment can be arranged and sized for this additional purge ventilation air, a separate makeup air unit may be needed for a large occupancy. This could likewise be a consideration for other types of occupancy and for laboratories utilizing bench -type exhaust hoods or large kitchen hoods. ( They often overlook that the purge or exhaust air has to come from somewhere for the hoods to work properly.)

A little history - in the 1970s during the Arab Oil Crisis, the Federal Government bureaucrats devised new design energy saving criteria for buildings which drastically reduced the outside air purge ventilation rates. As a consequence, a few yeas later the "Sick Building Syndrome" appeared.

What are your "Survival Tips" for College?

Kaylie J

Please answer my questions and give me any advice?

1) How are the class rooms like? Are there desks like in highschool?
2) I've heard classes are huge, how do the teachers even keep track of who's in class and what our names are?!
3) How do I stay organized and keep up with everything?
4) Are most classes just teachers giving speeches and students taking notes? Or are the students more involved and doing projects together?

Answer
1) Too many varieties to describe: auditorium-style with fold-down desks, tables with chairs, individual chairs with fold-down desks, long rows of tables, lab benches, etc.

2) They will take attendance the first couple of classes and if you don't show up you're automatically dropped from the class. After that, you're on your own. The professors may or may not learn your name, depending on the size of the class. If you don't show up, they don't care. Just don't expect any sympathy if you don't do well, or have a conflict on a test date or something. The professors will give the benefit of the doubt to students who are always present and involved. Students they never see, not so much.

3. For each class you will be given a syllabus on the first day of class (or before if your professor is technology-adept) which will lay out the plan for homework assignments, papers and/or tests for the entire semester. It is rare that your class will stick exactly to the plan, of course, but you just make modifications as you go along.

4. Mostly lectures, but anything labeled "seminar" will have a lot of student participation. You might get projects assigned (group or solo), but these are done outside the classroom setting as homework. Of course, science class lectures often have laboratory classes too, in which students conduct experiments, usually in pairs.

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nutrient agar?

Q. How do you make nutrient agar by using things you can find in a local grocery store. Example- Stater Bros. or Vons???

And also, when you make this, is it alright for dogs and humans to eat?

Were doing a project to find the bacteria in a dogs mouth
and in a human mouth. To see which has more. [5th grade science project]

Any ideas?
Were not actually going to bring the bacteria into the classroom. Were just bringing a couple of papers showing what we did and the conclusion.

Answer
This is really not a project that requires a chicken little-esque response to. The sky isn't falling, and the world will not end. Your mouth is full of bacteria. So is your entire body. The bacteria outnumber your human cells by 10 to 1 at least. And for whatever it is worth, in college (not 5th graders, I know) we cultured bacteria from much more terrible places in our body than our mouth and it was BSL-1.


Answer to the question follows, at the end I'll recap biosafety levels.

You need a solidifying agent. Gelatine was used early on in microbiology to solidify agar. The problem with gelatine is that some bacteria degrade it, which is why agar is used now. But you should be able to try gelatine and see how it works.

The bacteria will need carbohydrates. You might want to try something like vegetable broth or maybe even V8? I know historically that these have been used as a component of growth media (one of the scientists in my lab makes some sort of V8 agar, he has cans of it on his bench).

Or you can try normal table sugar for this, since that's something the bacteria in a human's mouth encounter anyhow. Some bacteria cannot metabolize sucrose, however, just a detail to keep in mind.

The bacteria will also need some sort of protein in order to provide some amino acids and act as a nitrogen source. I'm not sure what to use for this, but something that dissolves and is high in protein.

To prepare it you'd want to mix everything together and then boil it until everything has dissolved. Let it cool a little then pour into whatever you're using as petri dish surrogates, making sure that they have a cover of some sort. If possible, you might want to work out some way to "sterilize" the petri dish-thing, use some rubbing alcohol perhaps prior to adding your agar.

I'm not sure about eating it. In theory you're just putting in stuff you would eat individually, so I don't know that it would necessarily be bad to eat. But, a "slick" way to do the experiment would be to use some sort of sterilized q-tip or something to swab the persons teeth, then streak it across the plate, and do the same with the dog.

Biosafety lesson @ http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/symp5/jyrtext.htm

"BSL-1 is appropriate for working with microorganisms that are not known to cause disease in healthy human humans. This is the type of laboratory found in municipal water-testing laboratories, in high schools, and in some community colleges teaching introductory microbiology classes, where the agents are not considered hazardous. "

I'm pretty sure if working with sewage is BSL-1, then so is growing bacteria from your own mouth.

What would cause an electrical shock in my finger?

Zenny

I was cleaning off my kitchen counters with a nail brush and I had my left hand on the counter and after a few minutes I felt like electricity running through my ring finger and it scared me. It wasn't like a tiny little spark it felt like if I had stuck my hand in a light socket.

Answer
Hi Zenny. After your question about Christmas trees in Egypt closed, I posted a 140-character comment about it as a comment on one of your Yahoo photos because I'm staying in Cairo for a week or two and yesterday the guest house manager put up a Christmas tree with little electrical lights. We also hung up tinsel streamers and I contributed red and green balloons from my luggage. (When a clown goes on tour, the clown takes the circus with him!)

In New Zealand we usually use pine trees or pine branches (pinus radiata) but my sister is allergic to pine so at home we've used an artificial tree for some years. New Zealand has a tree, pohutukawa, which has dark red flowers around Christmas time, so it's called the New Zealand Christmas Tree although not many NZers actually take one indoors for Christmas.

Nineteen years ago I was in Zimbabwe at Christmas time. What I saw then was that whatever country people are in, if they want to celebrate something from their culture, they'll do it in ways that remind them of 'home'.

So, if people want the trappings of Christmas in Egypt, they'll get them. If they want to get the real meaning of Christmas--the good news that G.d was born as a human to identify with us in our situation and to show that we can live to serve G.d and others instead of ourselves--they can find that meaning wherever they are, too! Some believers have said to me that they like having Christmas away from New Zealand because back where we come from Christmas is mainly celebrated as a commercial event, not a spiritual occasion.

And for the many in Egypt who don't know or don't care what Christmas is about, they won't have trees and decorations. (Do you know the 1980s Live Aid song, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" ? To the majority of people that song was about, the meaning of Christmas hasn't been explained.)

Now, back to your electricity question. Maybe the bench is in contact with a live power line. That's not much of a problem as long as you don't complete the circuit by touching something else that lets the electricity flow through you. If it does, it can do damage. Getting an electric charge isn't bad in itself, birds perch on power lines without getting fried (or dry roasted)! (And static electricity can be harmless fun--see my blog on BumpANose.Org for a story about that.)

But as you say it happened 'after a few minutes' I suspect that it was some kind of cramp in a muscle in your finger. (If I wanted to freak you out, I could say, "Check that your fingers all work. Put your hand flat on a table and raise your fingers one by one. If you can't raise your ring finger, that's evidence that you've been abducted by aliens and experimented on in a laboratory in a space ship!" But, hey, I don't want to freak you out so I'll tell you now, humans' ring fingers never lift up off a flat surface the way their other fingers do.)

Last month I was in Pakistan with some other New Zealanders, visiting an NZer for her 50th birthday. Sue, one of the guests, was a bit of a clean-freak and her husband Tony was a bit of a hypochondriac. Sue decided to clean the grime of finger prints, etc, of the light switches. Next time Tony went into the bathroom and switched on the light, he yelled because he got an electric shock from it. Either Sue had left moisture in it, or she'd scrubbed off the insulation that was keeping people away from the electricity!

[Speaking of electricity, my laptop has just said the battery is down to 12% so I've plugged it in to the power supply. The power here isn't connected properly until I hear it sizzling in the power point! (It's hard to get laptops and cell phones plugged in enough to charge batteries in these third-world countries.)]

Well, I've written more than enough. I hope your question is still open for answers or I've been wasting my time!

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what are the components of model science laboratory?

laboratory benches tables image

simplysass

components of model science laboratory

Answer
To a large degree, it depends on the type of work to be done, but in general:

- No less than one electrical outlet every 1 foot (30cm), and independant circuits every 6 feet (2m). If the lab is located in the US, it will also need 220-240V circuits in addition to 110V. The idea here is to allow for equipment to be installed and moved without having to call an electrician in.

- Adequate aisle space: at least 3 feet (1m) of free aisle space in addition to what is taken up by someone working at a bench. There should always be room for a cart to roll by, no matter how many people are working in the lab. One easy way to ensure this is to use L-shaped benches.

- Adequate ventillation. This may be fume hoods, laminar flow hoods, snorkle ventillation, glove boxes, or just frequent change-over of the room air depending on the type of work being done. Typically, labs are maintained at negative pressure relative to surrounding areas, to ensure that any fumes do not enter the rest of the building.

- Tight control over air temperature and humidity, as appropriate to the type of work being done.

- Easy to use and easy to understand waste disposal system with separation of incompatible types of waste. For example, this could be drains aqueous wastes leading to a pre-treatment system, collection barrels for different types of solvents and collection bins for contaminated towelling. There must be a process such that wastes are collected and disposed of efficiently and correctly.

- Emergency equipment as appropriate to the work being done, for example, showers and eyewashes, fire extinguishers, first aid supplies, emergency exits, emergency power/lighting.

- Adequate storage for equipment and supplies (glassware, hotplates, stir plates, wipes, gloves, etc.). Appropriate cabinets for any chemical or biological materials (vented cabinets, refrigerator, freezer).

- If balances are used, they are placed on heavy balance tables.

That's all I can think of at the moment.

microwave radiation emitter?

Shasato

I need a device that will emit controlled amounts of microwave radiation under laboratory settings.

The target is 5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) cells

Answer
Microwave energy is radiated from an antenna. The antenna has an efficiency and a directional pattern, so these can be used along with the power of the source to determine the power density in a given direction and distance as mW/cm^2. This is similar to the light from a focused lamp (a torch) being shone on a table. Also the correct pattern only forms at a few wavelengths out from the antenna. A typical antenna could be a horn or parabola shape, or maybe a simple dipole or monopole. You need to know the power level and the frequency (wavelength) then you can go further. I envisage a source above a bench radiating down so that the power density is nn mW/cm^2 at the bench surface within a certain area. Levels less than 10mW/cm^2 are not considered hazardous in some regulations. There are electro-magnetic radiation safety regulations nevertheless to comply with. You would not look into the beam (back into the antenna) even so, as the density can vary, and the eyeballs are very easily poached.. I should mention that the dimensions of all these things are related to wavelength, so that is a practical factor too. It would tend to mean frequencies above 10GHz.

At levels above this it needs to be totally enclosed, and really we are talking about a laboratory microwave oven of some kind (second link). These are like a kitchen microwave with more control and fume extraction etc. The first link below may help too, especially the references.

The power level per unit area can be verified by using a calibrated antenna, with a suitable power measuring device. This is as watts per unit area. How you can relate that to 5 cells I don't know, as the power absorbed depends on structure, material (see first link).

In some cases the heating effect of the electro-magnetic power can be used to measure power, as in a calorimeter. In this case the power in watts to raise a unit mass a number of degrees in temperature in a given time. If you had a cake to cook, water to boil this is quite relevant. A solution of cells could be similar - say 1g of a solution of cells. Measure the power of an oven this way, using a known mass of water. However the power level of microwave ovens is constant - only on or off. The adjustment is by cycling it on and off, like the kitchen types. However it may be cycled according to a temperature sensor to control the temperature in a volume of liquid, and also cycle more rapidly to provide a more stable heating cycle.

Note that a volume of water in the oven absorbs some energy, so provides some sort of control too.

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